28-33. Interpreting Wetland Status. Themeda triandra is an indicator of the veld being in good condition. England, Armidale. Wetland Status. Dominant native grasses such as Kangaroo Grass (Themeda triandra Forssk.) Mallett, K. & Orchard, A.E. The results can also be downloaded as a CSV file (Unicode UTF-8 encoding).. See "Status", "Confidence level", "Source" for definitions. As The species name tri (three) and andr (man) is Greek, referring to the three male spikelets surrounding the bisexual spikelet in each cluster. Parthenium hysterophorus L. is among one of the most problematic invasive grassland weeds in Australia, and in many other countries around the world. to source seeds or nursery stock native to your local area. Collins, Harare (Salisbury). In some parts of Africa it is used for thatching, but the forms found in southern Africa tend to be flimsy and not durable enough. Chippindall, L.K.A. Cole, I & Lunt, I 2005, ' Restoring kangaroo grass (Themeda triandra) to grassland and woodland understoreys: a review of establishment requirements and restoration exercises in south-east Australia ', Ecological Management and Restoration, vol. Themeda triandra is a grass which grows in dense tufts up to 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) tall and 0.5 metres (1 ft 8 in) wide. Ecological Notes. imberbis (Retz.)A. The Plants Database includes the following 6 species of Themeda . (2000) Grassed Up. Information Delivery Program, NSW. In Australia it has been used as an ornamental and landscape plant. species has a particularly wide distribution; in Australia it is found in all Wheeler, D.J.B. CSIRO Publishing, Victoria. The grass clumps do not need a lot of maintenance; dead leaves can be raked achieved with square tube stock pots which air prune the roots and stop the AVH is a collaborative project of the state, Commonwealth and territory herbaria, developed under the auspices of the Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (CHAH), representing the major Australian collections. triandra - from the Greek words treis (three) Australian Plants, NSW. 1, pp. burchellii Hack. (1783) =Themeda triandra var. in summer. Themeda triandra is considered by some to be two species, the African and Asian species T. It was more widespread prior to European settlement; it is very susceptible to overgrazing and has been replaced by Black Speargrass (Heteropogon contortus) owing to a combination of fire and grazing. Seed Perennials. vulgaris auct. seedlings becoming root bound. Andropogon tenuipedicellatus Steud. Themeda triandra is a perennial tussock grass endemic to Africa, Australia and Asia. This grass can become very dense (high biomass) and growth can block out other grasses and forbs. Text by Jennifer Liles (2004 Student Botanical Intern). still use the name T. australis. Ecological status of grass species in the red turfveld of the Springbok Flats Turf Thornveld, Transvaal P.J. This is a tufted perennial grass which is very variable in appearance and size, ranging from 0.3-1.5 m in height. Wetland Status. Flowering time is from October to July. Themeda triandra Forssk. If you are harvesting and sowing a lot of seed beware of the sharp callus (ed. Its leaves are 10-50 cm long and 2-5 mm wide, green to grey drying 6, no. Index. practices. Lyn FishNational Herbarium, PretoriaApril 2004, SA Distribution: Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West, Northern Cape, Western Cape, Flowering season: Spring, Early Summer, Late Summer, Autumn. community, Action Plan 1. =Themeda triandra var. Some forms have bright yellow culms (stems). (1966) Australian Grasses, vol. However, this is changing as more and more people are becoming aware of the beauty of grasses and their usefulness in attracting animals, especially birds, to their gardens. are harvested. Because it is widespread across these areas it has great economic and ecological value, as it is a relatively palatable species across most of its range. & Fagg, M. (2003) Australian Native Plants, 5th Edition. Pressley, M.) (1990) Grasses Camus =Anthistiria imberbis Retz. Germination can be induced by clipping and removing the grass cover, and is thus not directly stimulated by fire. It is very palatable when young, but has only a moderate nutritive value (2.8 to 12.4% crude protein). Van Oudtshoorn, F. 1999. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. There are 5 groups of grasses: Decreasers, Increaser I, Increaser II, Increaser III and Invaders. The spikelets (grass flowers) form wedge-shaped, usually hanging clusters that may or may not be hairy, with long black or white hairs. Themeda triandra is a perennial tussock grass endemic to Africa, Australia and Asia. Lamp, C.A., Forbes, S.J. the clumps can be cut back in early spring to encourage new green growth. (2002) AusGrass: Grasses of Australia. University of New This grass is widespread in South Africa, growing in undisturbed grasslands to savanna, in areas of average to high rainfall. grow in Temperate Grassland communities, which have been declared as endangered Vol. Burbridge, N.T. trachyspathea Gooss. It is sometimes hard to distinguish fertile from infertile seeds This Grasses of the eastern Free State. Inkata Press, Melbourne. Atlas of Living Australia. Leistner, O.A. Seed can be planted 15 mm deep or spread like mulch when the whole inflorescences Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country. As Kangaroo Grass does not tolerate heavy or continuous grazing, members of the grass family (Poaceae) in Australia. to an orange brown in summer. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research (2003) Australias Virtual Herbarium. Themeda triandra, a perennial savannah grass, has seeds which germinate after fires. Ecological Site Information System: PLANTS Identification Keys ... Themeda triandra Forssk. T. triandra is the only species occurring in Africa, but it is also found in Asia and Australasia. The long awns of the spikelet twirl when wet, and drive the seed into the ground. CD-ROM, It is also known to be resistant to fire, the resistance increasing when burnt regularly, but only if rested after fire and if overgrazing does not occur. Themeda - from the Arabic word thaemed, which The basal parts of the tuft are usually compressed. Once established, little maintenance is needed except cutting back in winter to about one-third of its size and removing most of the old dead leaves. Themeda species Themeda triandra Name Synonyms Andropogon ciliatus Thunb. The Australasian Virtual Herbarium (AVH) is an online resource that provides immediate access to the wealth of plant specimen information held by Australian herbaria. Brid, CVU, DunT, EGL, EGU, GipP, Glep, Gold, GGr, HNF, HSF, LoM, MonT, MuF, MuM, NIS, OtP, OtR, SnM, Strz, VAlp, VRiv, VVP, WaP, WPro, Wim.All States, also Africa and warmer Asian countries, New Guinea, Philippines etc. Related Links. 2000. When planted out, water crystals and slow release Sharp, D. & Simon, B.K. To date, not much is known about the cultivation of our indigenous grasses in gardens, and only some nurseries have started selling them. After the rains in February and March, seeds can be planted but these will only germinate the following spring. (1994) Grasses of New South Wales. The watered in well. 43, ABRS/CSIRO Australia. This is a lovely green to blue-green tufted grass that is often flushed with pink and turns red with age. it can be a useful indicator of the level of disturbance in an area. AVH is a collaborative project of the state, Commonwealth and territory herbaria, developed under the auspices of the Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (CHAH), representing the major Australian collections. The awns (bristles) must be present in the inflorescences while the rest of the stems will act as a mulch, which is important for germination of the seed. higher floristic status, species diversity consisting of the grasses Themeda triandra, Brachiaria eruciformis, Eragrostis racemosa, Setaria species, S. sphacelata, Aristida species Fingerhuthia africana and the forbs Hermannia depressa, Scabiosa columbaria, Helichrysum rugulosum and H. aureonitens. ... Themeda japonica . Fire or temperatures of 40–45° C may also break The Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. Data were gathered from subjectively selected sample plots to represent different stages of degradation. • To identify plant species as well as faunal species of conservation importance which could possibly occur on the Jabulani site. The reintroduction of these grasses is a critical step for understorey restoration. infertile. Available at: http://www.cpbr.gov.au/avh/ [Accessed: 2004, 5 February]. Themeda triandra is a tufted perennial that can grow to 1.5 m tall and The invasion by non‐native plant species of an urban remnant of a species‐rich Themeda triandra grassland in southeastern Australia was quantified and related to abiotic influences. of Temperate Australia. Approximately 2/3 of seed collected from one inflorescence will be Bains, J.A. World-wide, there are 18 species of Themeda occurring in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World, mainly in Asia. The widespread Kangaroo Grass, Themeda triandra, is one of the most recognisable members of the grass family (Poaceae) in Australia. Results. Because of its large distribution, Seed plants of southern Africa: families and genera. Acocks' Notes: key grasses of South Africa. Not registered yet? The Society for Growing hispida Stapf =Themeda triandra var. =*Themeda triandra var. – kangaroo grass Subordinate Taxa. states and territories, overseas it is found in Africa, Asia and the Pacific. A sea of orange-brown flower heads and leaves in summer. in the Australian Capital Territory and threatened in Victoria. An established plant can be obtained from a nursery or, depending on the rains in November or December, whole culms with inflorescences can be cut and laid on the ground. Kangaroo Grass can be grown from seed or by division of older clumps. Within these regions it is found across a broad range of climates, geological substrates and ecosystems. Fl.Aegypt.-Arab. Field and laboratory experiments suggest that The grasslands Synonym(s) Heterotypic =Themeda triandra var. Introduced in New Zealand. Interpreting Wetland Status. it was collected. Although clay soils with a high organic content are preferred, if Themeda is occurring naturally in your area, you could try to grow it. Themeda quadrivalvis kangaroo grass Themeda triandra kangaroo grass Themeda villosa silky kangaroo grass Legal Status. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève. may be sown straight away with some success in mid summer to autumn but generally Themeda triandra is probably one of the most widespread of all Australian native grasses. fertiliser should be placed in the hole with the seedling, it should then be The long awns of the spikelet twirl when wet, and drive the seed into the ground. The flowering period is from December to The ecological impact envisaged is high on most parts, but higher on lower lying areas close to the wetland system on the west of the study area. colour and texture. Briza Publications, Pretoria. (2002) The Flora of Australia, Poaceae 1. Strelitzia 10. (barb) at the base of the seed. & Cade, J.W. stems. Zacharias, P.J.K. ACT Government (1997) Natural Temperate Grassland: An endangered ecological version 1.0. Themeda triandra is considered by some to be two species, the African and Asian species T. triandra and a separate Australian species Themeda australis. Richness and cover of non‐native species were highest at the edges of the remnant and declined to relatively uniform levels within the remnant. Moffett, R. 1997. February. Grass species on the red turfveld of the Springbok Flats Turf thornveld were classified into ecological status groups according to their reaction to degradation. The seed is buried by hygroscopic movements of the awn to a mean depth of 1 cm, where it is protected form the heat of fires. Grasses of southern Africa. dormancy. The leaves are usually greyish green but forms with a blue-grey colour can be found. 0.5 m across. The meaning of the genus name Themeda is obscure, but it is Arabic and appears to have something to do with water or possibly the lack thereof. Themeda triandra is an indicator of the veld being in good condition. Kangaroo Grass does not transplant well but success has been Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country. In Lesotho and bordering areas it is used sometimes for thatching and some basketry. Themeda triandra is a tufted, perennial grass that forms spreading or upright clumps, usually about 0.5 metres high but may reach about 1.5 metres high. Themeda triandra is native to Australia, Africa and Asia. Available at: http://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/databases/apni.html [Accessed: 2004, 5 February]. warrant the split they are generally considered one species, although many publications It is a well-known grazing grass, forming, where dominant, the red grass or rooigrasveld (grasslands) in parts of South Africa. Sydney. Paper pulp can also be made from the culms (stems). In particular cases ecological burning is needed to regenerate native grasses and the absence of fire can eventuate in the collapse of the native canopy. with black awns 4-7 cm long, which remain with the seed when it falls. 178 (1775) Conservation Code: Not threatened Naturalised Status: Native to Western Australia Name Status: Current Brief Description Grazyna Paczkowska, Monday 20 December 1993. Description. larger. Reed New Holland, Australia. means a depression in which water lies after rain, subsequently drying Flowers are seen from late spring to mid autumn, appearing as reddish-brown spikelets with distinct awns (stiff bristles) and surrounded by leaf-like bracts. Although the grass grows in any type of soil, it prefers clay and soils with high organic content. out and old seed heads removed from the base. Environment ACT, Canberra. Guide to the grasses of southern Africa. Plants from higher altitudes tend to be shorter and dark purple, whereas at lower altitudes plants are often lighter coloured and flushed only with purple. The Natal Witness, Pietermaritzburg. The tall Themeda triandra forms can be used as medium height accent plants, or planted in small clumps in a 'wild garden' feature. Eddy, D., Mallinson, D., Rehwinkel, R. and Sharp, S. (2001) Grassland Flora. 43. Themeda genus and T. triandra in particular via phyloge - netic reconstructions. Habitat Dominant in the extensive Acacia-grasslands at elevations from 1,200 - 2,000 metres in East Africa, and widespread elsewhere in grassland and in open woodlands, especially on … If a neater appearance is required, Kangaroo grass, Themeda triandra, seems to respond well to a five year burning cycle which provides sufficient regeneration of living plants and germination of the soil seed bank. are under threat due to loss and fragmentation through inadequate land management 17 plant name records match your search criteria Themeda triandra.The results are below. ); rooigras (Afr.). the seed has a dormancy period of up to 12 months depending on the area where The National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots - including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. It can reduce pasture and livestock production, natural community biodiversity, and negatively affect human and animal health. Abstract. Login to add your Comment widespread Kangaroo Grass, Themeda triandra, is one of the most recognisable Environment ACT, Canberra. triandra and a separate Australian species Themeda australis. Common names: red grass (Eng. Although impacted, the Themeda triandra grassland and the natural wetland vegetation types are considered of high ecological function as the patterns and processes within this community are still present and the functions as they would be in a natural state. Wrigley, J.W. The largest impact envisaged is the disturbance of topsoil dominated by Red Grass. Themeda triandra is a very important and well-known grazing grass that is palatable especially when young. UNIQWA, Phuthaditjhaba. The journals of the early explorers and settlers make frequent reference to this grass. Related Links. non Hack. Vol. 1976. growing conditions for T. triandra can be quite variable so it is best The spikelets are also awned, that is they have long stiff bristle-like projections. These areas are more This grass is most healthy when it is occasionally reduced by burning, grazing or mowing, but it declines if overgrazed. In South Africa, grasses in general and indigenous grasses in particular, have seldom been used in gardens. It produces distinct large red-brown spikelets, which occur on branched Simon, B.K. and Tussock‐grasses (Poa species) have been eliminated from many remnants by heavy grazing in the past. burchellii (Hack. 1990. as they both turn brown and retain their awns, but generally fertile seed is )Stapf =Anthistiria ciliata var. There are many species of grasses that occur throughout South Africa and each species has been given an ecological status which groups similar types of grass together based on their reaction to grazing. Anthistiria argentea Nees Anthistiria arguens f. japonica Andersson Anthistiria arguens var. The Atlas of Living Australia acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to the past and present Elders of the nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. The wedge-shaped, often pendant, clusters of spikelets are surrounded by leaf-like spathes or bracts that are brown or reddish-brown and often flushed with mauve, purple or red. The developed phylogeographic framework is used to (i) infer the order of migrations through geographical and ecological spaces across the whole genus, (ii) date the different dispersal events and (iii) retrace the spread of T. triandra through space and time. (1985) What is the Correct Name for Kangaroo Grass? The Australian Systematic Botany Society Newsletter. and aner (man). Nel, G.J. It is also known to be resistant to fire, the resistance increasing when burnt regularly, but only if rested after fire and if overgrazing does not occur. Preferentially eaten by sheep. It commonly grows in grassland and open woodland communities. 1.1 Objectives of the preliminary ecological survey • To provide a description of the current environmental status and habitats occurring on the Jabulani site. & Crook, A.O. Culms 50-170 cm high, erect, tufted; nodes glabrous. This attractive grass can be used as an ornamental in rockeries, as part of http://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/databases/apni.html. The Australasian Virtual Herbarium (AVH) is an online resource that provides immediate access to the wealth of plant specimen information held by Australian herbaria. The Atlas of Living Australia acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to the past and present Elders of the nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. This plant has no children Legal Status. Spikelets have long distinguishing spathes at their base and bare florets It flowers in summer, producing large red-brown spikelets on branched stems. Within these regions it is found across a broad range of climates, geological substrates and ecosystems. Waters et al. and needs little water once established. Although Themeda triandra itself is not endangered as a species it does Growth tends to be most vigorous in summer. (1981) Australian Plant Genera. japonica (Andersson) Miq. plant does not suffer any significant pest or disease problems. Click here to register. The 'plant indigenous' drive and the trend to 'wild gardens' in garden design has changed this. 1, Angus and Robertson, This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. NVS maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the Ngä Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants database. there does not seem to be enough distinguishable differences between them to ANBG (Australian National Botanic Gardens) (2004) Australian Plant Name It grows in full sun to part shade on sandy to clay soils a native habitat garden or can be grown in a more formal garden for its interesting Clay and soils with high organic content beware of the most recognisable members of the current environmental and. Grass grows in full sun to part shade on sandy to clay soils and little. Systematic Botany Society Newsletter Australia and Asia grasses in general and indigenous grasses in particular via phyloge - reconstructions... Sea of orange-brown flower heads and leaves in summer Action Plan 1 soil, it prefers clay and with. By burning, grazing themeda triandra ecological status mowing, but it is also found in.... 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Endemic to Africa, Australia and Asia often flushed with pink and turns red with age declines overgrazed! Australia it has been used as an ornamental and landscape plant made from the culms ( stems ) of,... Botanical Intern ) is among one of the Old world, mainly in Asia and Australasia below! Moderate nutritive value ( 2.8 to 12.4 % crude protein ) habitats occurring on the Jabulani site summer... By division of older clumps, producing large red-brown spikelets on branched stems plant biodiversity Research 2003! Field and laboratory experiments suggest that Themeda triandra, a perennial tussock grass endemic to Africa, in. Identification Keys... Themeda triandra is a lovely green to blue-green tufted grass that is flushed... L. is among one of the Springbok Flats Turf Thornveld, Transvaal P.J, in areas average! In Australia native to Australia, Poaceae 1 young, but it if. This is a very important and well-known grazing grass that is they have long stiff projections... Neater appearance is required, the clumps can be cut back in early spring to encourage new growth! ' Notes: key grasses of Temperate Australia and needs little water once established Intern... Subjectively selected sample plots to represent different stages of degradation Themeda quadrivalvis Kangaroo,... Impact envisaged is the disturbance of topsoil dominated by red grass ) ( 2004 Australian... Journals of the spikelet twirl when wet, and drive the seed into the ground a of! Are usually greyish green but forms with a blue-grey colour can be planted but these only. Removing the grass family ( Poaceae ) in Australia it has been used as an ornamental landscape. Temperatures of 40–45° C may also break dormancy green but forms with a blue-grey can... Site Information System: Plants Identification Keys... Themeda triandra, is of... Flora of Australia, Africa and Asia • to identify plant species as as!
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